What argument could you give for or against the idea that body language is a science with principles that can be interpreted by specialists?

Communicative activity in a person's life is one of the most important roles. The ability to transfer voice messages separates humans from the natural world, but the remaining part of it is in that we have the unique ability to consciously and unconsciously read body language each other gestures, different poses, arbitrary and involuntary movements.  In recent years adopted a more highly specialized objects of body language study: the doctrine of hand gestures, facial gestures, gestures, head and legs, posture and gestures sign. All these units are non-verbal communication are combined in the concept of "gesture" - from the Latin. gestus, meaning to do, wear, bear responsibility, control, execute, etc. The well-known researcher of body language A. Kendon, exploring the evolution of the term, noted that in the Roman treatises on the behavior of speakers, such as Cicero and Quintilian  meaning of  "gesture" was defined as the rules for using the capabilities of a body, significant movements of the arms, legs, body and face, that makes the term  really close to the modern usage of it - an interactive sign everyday nonverbal human behavior. Body language, occupying an important position in the history of culture, is the subject of rhetoric, medicine, psychology, pedagogy, art, hirologii (language of lines and bumps hands) hironomii (manual arts of rhetoric) and physiognomy, the study of the manifestation of inner qualities in terms of human and expression on the face. Skillfully using the body language you can add and accentuate your speech and enrich your nonverbal communication with others, to make a person to trust you, to convince others of your sincerity and righteousness.

How are listening skills important to employees, supervisors, and executives? Who should have the best listening skills?

                      Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen. 

                                                                                                                                             ~ Winston Churchill

             Listening is a great complex phenomenon, which looks like a passive activity at the first sign.  There are some different kinds of listening. If fact, we can pretend to listen but at the same moment we can dream about something which is not related to the subject of talking. We also can listen by “half an ear". Most of the time that is exactly what we do. If we listen carefully, we learn many interesting things. Listening to others is a great talent. Someone who hears people will understand you, understand your needs and help solve your problems. The man who knows how to listen can resolve the conflict among other people at work place because he knows how to listen to everyone... The listener, which can analyze is the ideal leader, able to see the need of the company and find ways to solve a crisis because he has information. Than more liability does someone have at work than more carefully this person should listen to his co-workers, clients, and partners.  By listening you get the most expensive and valuable things. Practice and improve your listening skills, analyze that information you got and you will see how much you can get just simply being a good listener.

Because English is becoming the international language of business and because the United States is a dominant military and trading force, why should Americans bother to learn about other cultures?

Then why do Americans publish official US/local government documentation (tax, public voting, DMV documentation, etc.) in  foreign languages (Spanish, Chinese, etc.) here in the United States? The answer is – to deliver more effective message to the US public who came to the United States from various parts of the world. Communication with other people (including foreign nations) does not involve only written or verbal way of communication in English (which would be ESL for other nations), it also involves respect, tolerance and understanding of other nations’ cultures and traditions. 

             The most successful business strategy has always been based on the grounds of understanding of your foreign partner’s culture and mentality as part of effective and efficient business communication process. Thus, if we talk about business rationale for learning more about foreign cultures, we can clearly see that entrepreneurs who are proactive, curious and inquisitive about other cultures are more successful in their business then others. One of the starring actors (Shea Labough) in the movie of “Wall Street: Money never sleeps” was very effective and successful in his communications with foreign partners due to his ability to understand their language and use proper terminology, gifts and appeal to their cultural traditions.

Recall a time when you experienced a problem as a result of poor communication. What were the causes and possible remedies from problem?

Having lived less than 3 year in the US with no previous English language exposure, I have had many communicational troubles. I still have some of them. One of the most important lesson which I have learn is that we had better to ask some questions to clarify something and we have to do not shy to ask for repeating.  Once, when I just got a job, one of my ex-coworkers asked me to help her with some database by using a program, which I saw first time in my life. Because I could not say that I did not know this software, I spent a couple of hours goggling and trying to understand what that was all about. A couple of hours later, when I was on a middle of my way, she came to me and asked if those files were ready. She saw how hard I operated this program and started to laugh then she showed me how simple and quick it might be. I finished in a couple of minutes.  After that, I concluded that asking things you do not know benefits you twice. You learn something new and do not disappoint people when they need quick help. We all once knew a little bit. It is not a shame to know less, luck of desire to learn more is shame.

Why it is important for business and professional students to develop good communication skills, and why are writing skills especially essential.

I would say that communication skills and your professionalism are the keys to success. Since the childhood we have been learning and exploring the World using communication skills. We learn how to share things, knowledge and news, we learn how to make a friends and how to be a good friend who knows where to ask a question and where do not talk too much. Most often, a communicative child has much more chances to be a good student, to have many friends and to be a leader, to be a successful professional and even an interesting person.  Oddly enough but it works absolutely on the same principles in an adult life exclude the fact that you study or work among serious environment where your responsibility is significantly different. What remains the same are keys to success. Being built on a communicative base, business cannot exist without people who skilled to communicate well, listen and be heard. Nowadays we hugely use modern technologies everywhere, but one of the most wide spread ways of communication remains to be communication via letters.  Some people think that it is pretty easy to compose a business letter. In fact, it is an art. You need to write not only absolutely clear and correct in form and content writing, but sometimes you have to give your point of view, which may completely differ from the opinion of the recipient. Often for some certain points, we need to write something, which does not make a recipient happy, but since he or she is our client, partner, co-worker or boss we must write it so perfectly polite and friendly that this person will not be disappointed or even mad. Isn’t it art?